Clinical named entity recognition in the Portuguese language: a benchmark of modern BERT models and LLMs

This is a specialized benchmark study. While it provides significant value to the Portuguese clinical NLP community by evaluating state-of-the-art models (including ModernBERT and next-gen LLMs), the underlying methodology is a standard application of existing architectures to a specific dataset (SemClinBr). Its defensibility is low as it is primarily a research evaluation rather than a unique software artifact.